လူေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားက ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကိုယ္ေတာ္တုိင္ေတာင္မွမယ္ေတာ္အမိိနတ္သား ေက်းဇူးေတာ္ကို တရားေဟာၿပီးဆပ္တာ ႏို႔တစ္လံုးဖိုးပဲ ေက်ခဲ့ပါတယ္ဆိုၿပီးေျပာေလ့ရွိတယ္။ အဲဒါနဲ႕ပတ္သက္ၿပီး စာအုပ္တစ္အုပ္မွာမဟုတ္ပါဘူးလို႕ေျပာထားတယ္. ဘုရားကိုသိကၡာခ်သလိုပဲတဲ့. ျမတ္စြာဘုရားက ေက်ေအာင္ဆပ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္လို႕ေရးထားတယ္..ဘယ္ဟာမွန္လည္းဆိုတာေတြး ၾကည့္ဘို႕သက္သက္ပါပဲ။ တကယ္ေရးခ်င္တာက ေ၀ဒနာႏုပႆနာအထိဦးတည္မည့္ Pain ဆိုတဲ့ ေခါင္းစဥ္နဲ႕စာတမ္းပါပဲ
ေရးျဖစ္ေအာင္ႀကိဳးစားစဲပါ။ ဒါေပမဲ့ေလာေလာဆယ္ေတာ့အရမ္းရင္းႏွီးတဲ့သူငယ္ခ်င္းေလး (cmsmdy.blogspot.com) ရဲ႕ေတာင္းဆိုမႈေၾကာင့္ ၃၈ျဖာမဂၤလာအေၾကာင္းကိုသိသေလာက္ အက်ဥ္းေရးျပလိုက္ပါတယ္။ ၃၈ျဖာမဂၤလာနဲ႕ပတ္သက္ၿပီးဆရာဦးသုခရဲ႕ ၃၈ျဖာမဂၤလာ အက်ယ္ ေရးျပထားတဲ့စာအုပ္ကိုသတိရမိတယ္ အရမ္းကိုေကာင္းလို႕ပါ။
ကဲတရားနာပရိတ္သတ္တို႕ နာၾကေလာ့ ... ရွင္ေတာ္ဘုရားသည္ ၃၈ ျဖာမဂၤလာကိုေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူခဲ့ပါသည္။
(၁) လူမိုက္ကိုမေပါင္းျခင္း
(၂) ပညာရွိကိုေပါင္းျခင္း
(၃) ပူေဇာ္ထိုက္သူကိုပူေဇာ္ျခင္း
(၄) သင့္တဲ့အရပ္မွာေနထိုင္ျခင္း
(၅) ေရွးကျပဳဘူးေသာေကာင္းမႈရွိေနျခင္း
(၆) ကိုယ္စိတ္ႏွစ္ပါးေကာင္းစြာထားျခင္း
(၇) အၾကားအျမင္မ်ားျခင္း
(၈) လက္မႈပညာတတ္ျခင္း
(၉) ကိုယ္က်င့္သီလရွိျခင္း
(၁၀) စကားကိုေကာင္းမြန္စြာေျပာျခင္း
(၁၁) အမိကိုလုပ္ေကၽြးျခင္း
(၁၂) အဖကိုလုပ္ေကၽြးျခင္း
(၁၃) သားမယားကိုလုပ္ေကၽြးျခင္း
(၁၄) တစ္ဖက္သားမထိခိုက္ေသာအလုပ္လုပ္ျခင္း
(၁၅) ေပးကမ္းလွဴဒါန္းျခင္း
(၁၆) ျမတ္ေသာအက်င့္ကိုက်င့္ျခင္း
(၁၇) ေဆြမ်ိဳးမ်ားကိုေထာက္ပံ့ျခင္း
(၁၈) အျပစ္္မရွိေသာအလုပ္ကိုျပဳလုပ္ျခင္း
(၁၉) မေကာင္းမႈကို ကိုယ္စိတ္ျဖင့္ေရွာင္က်ဥ္ျခင္း
(၂၀) အရက္ေသစာမေသာက္စားျခင္း
(၂၁) ကုသိုလ္ဟူသမွ်မေမ့မေလွ်ာ့ေဆာင္႐ြက္ျခင္း
(၂၂) ႐ိုေသထိုက္သူကို႐ိုေသျခင္း
(၂၃) မိမိကိုယ္ကိုႏွိမ့္ခ်ျခင္း
(၂၄) ေရာင့္ရဲတင္းတိမ္ျခင္း
(၂၅) ေက်းဇူးသိတတ္ျခင္း
(၂၆) တရားနာျခင္း
(၂၇) သည္းခံျခင္း
(၂၈) ဆံုးမသည္ကိုနာယူလြယ္ျခင္း
(၂၉) သူေတာ္ေကာင္း ရဟန္းတို႕အားဆည္းကပ္ဖူးေမွ်ာ္ျခင္း
(၃၀) တရားေဆြးေႏြးေမးျမန္းျခင္း
(၃၁) ျခိဳးၿခံဳစြာက်င့္ျခင္း
(၃၂) သမထ ၀ိပႆနာအက်င့္က်င့္ျခင္း
(၃၃) သစၥာတရားကိုျမင္ျခင္း
(၃၄) နိဗၺာန္ကို မ်က္ေမွာက္ျပဳျခင္ိး
(၃၅) တုန္လႈပ္မႈကင္းျခင္း
(၃၆) စိုးရိမ္မႈကင္းျခင္း
(၃၇) တြယ္တာျခင္းကင္းျခင္း
(၃ဂ) ေဘးရန္မရွိျခင္း။ စသည္တို႕ပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အက်ယ္ကိုမိမိဥာဏ္ရွိသေလာက္ျဖန္႕က်က္ေတြးကာက်င့္ႀကံႏိုင္သည္ ျဖစ္ၾကပါေစကုန္သတည္း။
မွတ္ခ်က္ ။ ပါဋိ နဲ႕အနက္တြဲလ်က္႐ႈလိုပါက မ်က္လံုးရဲ႕ ၃၈ျဖာမဂၤလာမွာၾကည့္ပါ။
Monday, July 30, 2007
၃၈ျဖာမဂၤလာ - 38 Auspicious !
What is BLOG & Why i BLOG
Why i BLOG ကိုေတာ့ ေတာ္ေတာ္ေလးပဲေရးၿပီးပါၿပီ.. သို႕ေသာ္လည္း ainmetdiary.blogspot.com ၏အနိုင္က်င့္မႈေၾကာင့္ What is BLOG ကိုထပ္မံေရးလိုက္ရပါေၾကာင္း။
Blog ဟူေသာေ၀ါဟာရသည္ Web log မွတဆင့္ ဆင္းသက္လာရသည္။ Verb form အေနနဲ႕သံုးမယ္ဆိုရင္ maintain or add content to a blog
လို႕အဓိပၸါယ္ဖြင့္ဆိုႏိုင္သည္။ Blog သည္ ဂ်ာနယ္စတုိင္ဖန္တီးထားသည့္ Web site ျဖစ္သည္။ သာမန္ Blog တစ္ခုသည္ အျခား Blog မ်ား Web site
မ်ားႏွင့္ link လုပ္ထားၾကသည္။ ေရးသားထားေသာ Topic တစ္ခုစီအတြက္ သီးျခား Comment မ်ားေပးႏိုင္သည္။ Blog အမ်ားစုသည္ Text ကိုအေျချပဳ
ထားသည္။ သို႕ေသာ္ photographs (photoblog), videos (vlog), audio (podcasting) မ်ားစုစည္းထားသည့္ Blog မ်ားလည္းရွိၾကသည္။
November 2006 တြင္ blog search engine ၏ ရွာေဖြမႈအရ Blog site ေပါင္း သန္း ၆၀ ခန္႕ရွိေၾကာင္းသိရသည္။
Defination of Blog (Blog ဆိုတာဘာလည္း ?)
A blog is a journal (online diary) made available on the Internet/web by any individual.
Most blogs are maintained by people who know nothing about web site design or development.
Meaning of Blogger (Blogger ရဲ႕အဓိပၸါယ္ကဘာလည္း ?)
A "blogger" is a person who has and maintains a blog.
Meaning of "blogging?" (Blogging ဆိုတာဘာလည္း ?)
"Blogging" is the active updating of a blog by the person who maintains the postings (usually a non-professional).
Free Blog site မ်ားကိုေဖာ္ျပလိုက္ပါတယ္.
Blogger.com
BlogCity.com
BlogDrive.com
eBloggy.com
tBLOG.com
Blog Studio
Seo-Blog.org
Azure
Sunday, July 29, 2007
MyPhotoALBUM
MyALBUM
အထက္ပါ link က site ရဲ႕ Album menu မွာ link လုပ္ဘို႕စိတ္ကူးထားတဲ့ PhotoAlbum ပါ။ ဓါတ္ပံုတစ္ခုခ်င္းစီရဲ႕ေဘးမွာ ကဗ်ာတိုေလးေတြထည့္ခ်င္ပါတယ္။ စိတ္၀င္စားတဲ့သူတိုင္း ေရးၿပီးပို႕ေပးပါလား။ ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္။
Thursday, July 26, 2007
Upgrading index-menwear
http://www.index-menwear.blogspot.com ကို upgrade လုပ္ထားပါတယ္..IE မွာ Flash ကအလုပ္လုပ္ၿပီး ... Mozilla Firefox မွာအလုပ္မလုပ္ဘူးျဖစ္ေနတယ္..browser ေတြရဲ႕ problem လား webpage ရဲ႕ problem လားသိတဲ့သူေတြေျပာျပေပးၾကပါဦး.ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္...
Tuesday, July 24, 2007
LinktoEverything is Bloggable!
အမွန္္အတိုင္းေျပာရရင္ စိတ္ရဲ႕ထြက္ေပါက္အေနနဲ႕ blog ကုိလုပ္ျဖစ္သြားခဲ့တာပါ။ ဟိုးအရင္ကထဲက လုပ္ေဖၚကိုင္ဖက္မိတ္ေဆြ က္ိုေမာင္လွ က blog ကို
စ လုပ္တုန္းကေတာ့ သိပ္စိတ္မပါေသးတာနဲ႕ account creat လုပ္၊ တစ္ခါေလာက္ပဲ post တင္ၿပီးပစ္ထားလိုက္တယ္...မိတ္္ေဆြေလး cmsmdy uk မွာက်ာင္း သြားတက္ေတာ့ သူ႕ရဲ႕blog ကိုၾကည့္ျဖစ္သြားတယ္..စိတ္ရဲ႕ျပဴတင္းေပါက္ဆိုတာနားလည္လိုက္တယ္...အဲဒီ႕ကာလတုန္းက အလုပ္ေတြရယ္ ဟိုဒီ
ကိစၥေတြရယ္႐ႈပ္ေနတယ္..တစ္ခါ blog ဆိုတာ စိတ္ရဲ႕ျပဴတင္းေပါက္တင္မက နည္းပညာေပါင္းကူးတံတားတစ္ခုဆိုတာကိုလည္း သိ္လိုက္တယ္.
ကိုေမာင္လွရဲ႕ blog မွာျမန္မာလိုေရးထားတာေတြေတြ႕ရေတာ့ ပိုၿပီးစိတ္၀င္စားလာတယ္..ဘာလို႕လည္းဆိုေတာ့ Myanmar Typing ပ႐ိုဂရမ္ေလးလည္း
လုပ္ထားတာဆိုေတာ့ ျမန္မာယူနီကုဒ္ကို ဆက္ေလ့လာခ်င္ေနတာ..အဲ႕တာနဲ႕ ကိုေမာင္လွရဲ႕အကူအညီယူၿပီး sannoo.blogspot.com ကိုုျပန္စျဖစ္သြားတယ္။
ဒီဇိုင္းကိုအရမ္း crazy ျဖစ္ေတာ့ ကုိယ့္ရဲ႕ site ေလးကိုလွလွပပေလးျဖစ္ေအာင္ ဟိုျပင္ဒီျပင္အခ်ိန္အေတာ္ေပးျဖစ္သြားတယ္.ေနာက္ problem က
post ေတြတင္ရတာပါပဲ..အခ်ိန္ေပးၿပီးလုပ္ရတယ္..visit လုပ္တဲ့သူေတြကိုအားနာလို႕..တစ္ခါတစ္ခါက်ေတာ့လည္း အလုပ္အရမ္းမ်ားတာရယ္ speed
ကအရမ္းက်တာရယ္ေၾကာင့္ post မွန္မွန္တင္ဘို႕ခဲယဥ္းသြားျပန္တယ္.blogger တစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ေစတနာကဘာလည္းဆိုေတာ့ visit လုပ္တဲ့သူေတြကို
အက်ိဳးရွိမဲ့အေၾကာင္းအရာတစ္ခုခုေပးခ်င္တာပါပဲ .. အတတ္ႏိုင္ဆံုးလည္းႀကိဳးစားပါတယ္..ရသပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ သုတပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ေပါ့.။ၿပီးေတာ့ ကိုယ္ဖန္တီး
ထားတဲ့ program ေလးေတြကိုသံုးၾကည့္ေစခ်င္တယ္.အဲဒီ့ေတာ့ web ေပၚမွာ သံုးလို႕အဆင္ေျပေအာင္ program ေလးေတြကိုျပင္စရာရွိတာေတြ ျပန္ၿပီး
ျပင္ရျပန္ေရာ.cmsmdy ရဲ႕အကူအညီလည္းရပါတယ္..myoaung-mdy လည္းကူပါတယ္..တစ္ေယာက္ကို တစ္ေယာက္အျပန္အလွန္ ေဖးမရင္းနဲ႕ပဲ
blog disease ကစြဲေတာ့တာပဲ..ေရာဂါေပါ့ဗ်ာ...တဆင့္ဆက္ေတြးေတာ့ ဒါေတြလုပ္တာ ဘာမ်ားအက်ိဳးရွိလည္းေပါ့...မိတ္ေဆြေတြတိုးလာတယ္..သိခ်င္တာေတြေမးလို႕ရတယ္..ေျပာခ်င္တာေတြေရးလို႕ရတယ္.. မေက်နပ္ေသးဘူး...how can i make money by using blogspot ? စိတ္ကူးယဥ္တာေပါ့ေနာ္..တခါတခါလည္း
စိတ္ကူးေလးေတြတည့္သြားေတာ့အရမ္းပီတိျဖစ္မိျပန္တယ္..Myanmar Blogger အားလံုးကိုေလးစားပါတယ္.MCPA မွာ everything is blogable အစီအစဥ္ကို
သိရေတာ့တကယ္ပဲ၀မ္းသာပါတယ္...ဒါေပမဲ့က်မ္းမာေရးလည္းသိပ္မေကာင္းလို႕မေရာက္ျဖစ္ခဲ့ဘူး...blog ေတြမွာျပန္ၾကည့္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ တကယ္ေရာက္ခဲ့ရသလိုပါပဲ..
Cbox idea ကိုသေဘာၾကမိတယ္.ကိုေမာင္လွႀကီးဘာေတြေရးသြားပါလိမ့္..Mandalay က blogger ေတြကို မိတ္ေဆြေတြကလြဲလို႕လူနဲ႕နာမည္နဲ႕မတြဲမိဘူး.
အခုမွတခ်ိဳ႕ကိုသိရေတာ့ blog design လွလွေလးေတြဖန္တီးႏိုင္သလို လူေတြကလည္းေခ်ာေခ်ာလွလွေလးေတြပဲ..(မုန္႕ေကၽြးေနာ္..).ေဒၚရတနာ၊ S potato
နဲ႕ ကိုေဇာ္မ်ိဳးေအာင္တို႕..ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႕ ( ကၽြန္ေတာ္နဲ႕ကိုမ်ိဳးေအာင္) ဆီတကူးတက ေရာက္လာၿပီး blog member card ေလးေတြေပးသြားတာ
ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္..လူေတြၾကားထဲသိပ္မေနခ်င္တဲ့ ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႕ကို ေနာက္တခါ seminar လိုမ်ိဳးေတြမွာလာဘို႕ေျပာတယ္..တတ္ႏိုင္တာေလးေတြကူညီလုပ္ကိုင္ေပးပါ့မယ္လို႕စိတ္ထဲရွိတဲ့အတိုင္းေျပာလိုက္ပါတယ္.... ေနာက္ၿပီး wheel of fortune ႏွစ္သက္သူတိုင္း program ကိုလြတ္လပ္စြာ link ႏိုင္ပါတယ္..Secrete of TAROT
ကိုလည္းပိုၿပီးအဆင္ေျပေအာင္ႀကိဳးစားပါဦးမယ္။ Myanmar blogger အားလံုး ကိုယ္စိတ္ႏွစ္ျဖာ က်မ္းမာခ်မ္းသာပါေစ...
Wednesday, July 18, 2007
:)
ျမန္မာ blogger မ်ားစုစည္းၿပီး ပညာဖလွယ္ၾကတာ အလြန္ေကာင္းတဲ့ အစီအစဥ္တခုပါပဲ.. ကိုယ္ကိုယ္တိုင္ ေတာ့ ေတာင္မေရာက္ေျမာက္မေရာက္မို႕ ေဘးကပဲအားေပးခ်င္တယ္..အခုရက္ပိုင္း အလုပ္ေတြကမ်ားၿပီး သိပ္လည္းမအားဘူး..post အသစ္ေတြတင္ခ်င္ေပမဲ့ မတင္ျဖစ္ဘူး..မိတ္ေဆြ blogger ေတြစီလည္းစိတ္ပဲ ေရာက္တယ္..visit မလုပ္ျဖစ္ဘူး..ဒီၾကားထဲ www.check-menwear.blogspot.com တစ္ခုလုပ္ျဖစ္လိုက္ေသးတယ္ ..blog နဲ႕ေငြရွာခ်င္တယ္.. blog ကိုအမ်ားႀကီးဆက္ၿပီးေလ့လာရဦးမွာပဲေနာ္ ...Firefox နဲ႕ဆို plugin flash player install လုပ္လည္း browse လုပ္တဲ့အခါမွာ flash file ကအလုပ္မလုပ္ဘူးျဖစ္ေနတယ္..why ??? သိတဲ့သူရွိရင္ေျပာျပေပးေစခ်င္ပါတယ္..cbox ကို၀င္ခ်င္ရင္
top banner မွာ point လုပ္လိုက္ပါ။ :)
Thursday, July 12, 2007
AboutFOLDER-Lock
စိုးေဇယ်ထြန္းရဲ႕ comment ေလးပါ။ Floder Lock ကို စမ္းသပ္သူမ်ားအတြက္ သိထားသင့္တယ္ထင္လို႕ post လုပ္ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္..ကိုစစ္ကိုင္းေရၾကည့္ စမ္းေနာ္..
စိုးေဇယ်ထြန္း said...
အဲဒီေကာင္ေပါ့ဗ်ာ။ ကၽြန္ေတာ့ကြန္ပ်ဴတာကို ဒုကၡေပးသြားတာ။ သူ႕ရဲ႕ အားနည္းခ်က္က ဆိုင္းအင္လုပ္ထား တုန္းမွာ ေအာရယ္ဂ်င္နယ္ ေဆာ့၀ဲကို သြားဖ်က္ရင္ ပ်က္တယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ဖုိဒါေတြကေတာ့ ေလာ့က်ရက္ တန္းလန္းႀကီး ျဖစ္သြားတယ္
Wednesday, July 11, 2007
AmazingWEB-Link
အလွဴ လၻက္ႏွင့္ မ်က္ႏွာလုပ္ျခင္းမဟုတ္ပါ၊ စာအုပ္ဖတ္ဘို႕အခ်ိန္မရတဲ့သူေတြ အတြက္ စိတ္၀င္စားဖြယ္ရာ web site အညႊန္းကို
(ကြန္ပ်ဴတာဂ်ာနယ္) မွတဆင့္စုစည္းတင္ျပမႈေစတနာသက္သက္မွ်သာျဖစ္ပါသည္။
(1) သိပ္လွတဲ့ icon ေလးေတြအခမဲ့ရခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ http://freeiconsweb.com
(2) ရီေမာဘြယ္ရာလွပတဲ့ greeting card ေလးေတြသူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြဆီကို ပို႔ဘို႔အတြက္ ဆို http://www.6ecards.com နဲ႕ http://www.egreetings.com
(3) အခမဲ႕ download လုပ္ဘို႕ software ေလးေတြကိုေတာ့ http://www.bestfree.com
(4) အလုပ္ေတြမ်ားၿပီးစိတ္႐ႈပ္ေနရင္ေတာ့ http://www.comedycentral.com ကိုသာသြားလိုက္ပါ.
(5) ေဘာလံုးကိုစိတ္၀င္စားတဲ့သူေတြအတြက္ေတာ့ http://www.soccersquared.com မွာပိုစတာေတြ background ေတြ icon ေလးေတြရႏိုင္တယ္
(6) ေနာက္ေဘာလံုးနဲ႕ပတ္သက္တဲ့ သတင္းအစအနေတြအတြက္ေတာ့ http://footballwired.com ကိုသြားသင့္ပါတယ္
(7) Java, C++e-book, Hardware tips, Illustrator After Effects နဲ႕အျခား software မ်ားစြာရရွိႏိုင္တာက http://www.click-now.net ပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္..
(8) freeware နဲ႕ shareware ေတြ အခမဲ့ download လုပ္ခ်င္ရင္ http://www.download3000.com
(9) ကင္မရာအေၾကာင္းအစံုအလင္သိခ်င္ရင္ http://www.camerapedia.org
(10) နာမည္ေၾကာ္ photoshop အသံုးၿပဳသူမ်ား website ကေတာ့ http://www.photoshopuser.com
(11) အဂၤလိပ္စာ ကို listing,speaking,reading,writing စတဲ့ skills ေတြရဘို႕ေလ့လာခ်င္ရင္ http://www.englishpage.com
(12) IT field ရဲ႕ စြယ္စံုက်မ္းမွာ မသိေသးတာေတြကိုေလ့လာခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ http://www.webopedia.com/quick-ref
(13) အလြန္စြဲမက္ဘြယ္ေကာင္းတဲ့ wallpaper ေတြရဘို႕အတြက္ေတာ့ http://www.freewallpapers.to
(14) vb programming langauge အတြက္ microsoft developer မ်ားရဲ႕ http://www.devx.com
(15) ကမၻာ့ ထင္ရွားတဲ့ ဓါတ္ပံုေတြၾကည့္ဘို႕ဆိုရင္ http://www.worldfamousphotos.com
(16) website designer ေတြအတြက္ http://www.browsershots.org နဲ႕ http://www.oswd.org
(17) Photoshop CS3 ကိုသင္ယူခ်င္ရင္ http://photosupport.com
(18) Graphic designer ေတြေလ့လာဘို႕ http://fantasyartdesign.com
Sunday, July 08, 2007
FolderLOCK-USBlock
Download FolderLOCK
How it lock files on a USB Flash Drive, CD-RW or floppy disks?
To protect files on USB Flash Drives, Memory Sticks, Pen Drives and Zip Drives, click 'Browse' and select the option 'Move to portable disk'. Then read the instructions and click the 'Next' button. Now you will be able to select the drive(s) in which you want protection. You can select these drive(s) by clicking the check boxes next to them. After that click the 'Move It' button, this will move the program folder of Folder Lock to that drive. Now you can run the program from that drive and keep the files in the 'Locker' folder it creates and lock them up.
Thursday, July 05, 2007
Intel® Matrix Storage Technology
Intel® Matrix Storage Technology
In today's digital age, safekeeping of digital content such as photographs, video, audio and personal records, is extremely important. Should a PC's hard drive fail, these digital memories can be lost forever. Additionally, high-speed storage capabilities improve the performance of demanding applications and games. Whether users want to load huge files into Adobe Photoshop* faster, create large CD/DVD images with Nero* in record time, or want to be the first on the map in a Doom* 'frag' tournament, Intel Matrix Storage Technology is a key part of the solution for these and many other disk-intensive applications.
Video content, digital photos, music libraries, realistic3-D gaming environments and even TV programs recorded live from satellite can all be stored on today's desktop and mobile PCs. With gigabytes of data being transferred to and from the hard drive, storage performance counts. Intel Matrix Storage Technology helps deliver results in this media-rich computing environment.
Raid Drive.
Raid drive နဲ႕ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ေမးျမန္းၾကတယ္..ကၽြန္ေတာ္လည္းသိပ္မသိဘူး..စိတ္၀င္စားလို႕ဟိုဖတ္ဒီဖတ္အဆင့္ပဲရွိေသးတာ.. နားလည္တဲ့သူရွိရင္ေျပာျပေပးပါလား။ဟိုဖတ္ဒီဖတ္လုပ္ခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ What is a Raid Drive Post ကိုဖတ္ၾကည့္ႏိုင္ ပါတယ္..
What is a RAID Drive ?
What is a RAID Drive ?
Redundant Array of Independent Discs
Lets start with the basics. R.A.I.D. Redundant Array of Independent Discs. In the old days it also used to mean Redundant Array of Inexpensive Discs. A RAID system is a collection of hard drives joined together using a level definition (see levels below). There are many uses for it. First it can be used to stripe drives together to give more overall access speed (level 0). Second it can be used mirror drives (level 1). Third it can be used to increase uptime of your overall storage by striping drives together and then keeping parity data, if a drive should fail the system keeps operating (level 5). Most people use level 5 for the uptime purposes and its ability to join together 16 drives, giving a large storage block. Read about the levels below and see which one suits you best.
Hot Spares
A hot spare is a stand by drive assigned to an array or assigned to a group of arrays (global spare). If a drive goes bad in an array the hot spare will take over for failed drive automatically and your array will not suffer a performance degradation. Hot spares only make sense on levels 5, 5+0 , 0+5, 1+5 and 5+1.
Hot Swap
Hot swap is a term used to describe the condition in which drives are attached to the controller. You always want hot swap drives so that if a drive goes bad it can be replaced on the fly without incurring downtime.
Other features to avoid downtime
Other features of professional RAIDs include Hot swap and redundant power supplies. Hot swap and redundant fans. In some more expensive systems we even have hot swap and redundant controllers.
RAID Levels
RAID 0
This is the simplest level, as it just involves striping. Data redundancy is not even present in this level, so it is not recommended for applications where data is critical. This level offers the highest levels of performance out of any single level. It also offers the lowest cost since no extra storage is involved. At least 2 hard drives are required, preferably identical, and the maximum depends on the controller. None of the space is wasted as long as the hard drives used are identical. This level has become popular with the mainstream market for it's relatively low cost and high performance gain. This level is good for most people that don't need any data redundancy. There are many SCSI and IDE/ATA implementations available. Finally, it's important to note that if any of the hard drives in the array fails, you lose everything.
RAID 1
This level is usually implemented as mirroring. Two identical copies of data are stored on two drives. When one drive fails, the other drive still has the data to keep the system going. Rebuilding a lost drive is very simple since you still have the second copy. This adds data redundancy to the system and provides some safety from failures. Some implementations add an extra controller to increase the fault tolerance even more. It is ideal for applications that use critical data. Even though the performance benefits are not great, some might just be concerned with preserving their data. The relative simplicity and low cost of implementing this level has increased its popularity in mainstream controllers. Most controllers nowadays implement some form of RAID 1.
RAID 2
This level uses bit levels striping with Hamming code ECC. The technique used here is somewhat similar to striping with parity but not really. The data is split at the bit level and spread over a number of data and ECC disks. When data is written to the array, the Hamming codes are calculated and written to the ECC disks. When the data is read from the array, Hamming codes are used to check whether errors have occurred since the data was written to the array. Single bit errors can be detected and corrected immediately. This is the only level that really deviates from the other concepts talked about earlier. The complicated and expensive controller hardware needed and the minimum number of hard drives required, is the reason this level is not used today.
RAID 3
This level uses byte level striping with dedicated parity. In other words, data is striped across the array at the byte level with one dedicated parity drive holding the redundancy information. The idea behind this level is that striping the data increasing performance and using dedicated parity takes care of redundancy. 3 hard drives are required. 2 for striping, and 1 as the dedicated parity drive. Although the performance is good, the added parity does slow down writes. The parity information has to be written to the parity drive whenever a write occurs. This increased computation calls for a hardware controller, so software implementations are not practical. Level 3 is good for applications that deal with large files since the stripe size is small.
RAID 4
This level is very similar to RAID 3. The only difference is that it uses block level striping instead of byte level striping. The advantage in that is that you can change the stripe size to suit application needs. This level is often seen as a mix between levels 3 and levels 5, having the dedicated parity of RAID 3 and the block level striping of levels 5. Again, you'll probably need a hardware controller for this level. Also, the dedicated parity drive continues to slow down performance in this level as well.
RAID 5
RAID 5 uses block level striping and distributed parity. This level tries to remove the bottleneck of the dedicated parity drive. With the use of a distributed parity algorithm, this level writes the data and parity data across all the drives. Basically, the blocks of data are used to create the parity blocks which are then stored across the array. This removes the bottleneck of writing to just one parity drive. However, the parity information still has to be calculated and written whenever a write occurs, so the slowdown involved with that still applies. The fault tolerance is maintained by separating the parity information for a block from the actual data block. This way when one drive goes, all the data on that drive can be rebuilt from the data on the other drives. Recovery is more complicated than usual because of the distributed nature of the parity. Just as in RAID 4, the stripe size can be changed to suit the needs of the application. Also, using a hardware controller is probably the more practical solution. RAID 5 is one of the most popular levels being used today. Many see it as the best combination of performance, redundancy, and storage efficiency.
RAID 10 or 0+1
Combining Levels of RAID
The single levels don't address every application requirement that exist. So, to get more functionality, someone thought of the idea of combining levels. What if you can combine two levels and get the advantages of both? Well that was the motivation behind creating these new levels. The main benefit of using multiple levels is the increased performance. Usually combining levels means using a hardware controller. The increased level of complexity of these levels means that software solutions are not practical. RAID 0 has the best performance out of the single levels and it is the one most commonly being combined. Not all combinations of RAID levels exist. The most common combinations are RAID 0+1 and 1+0. The difference between 0+1 and 1+0 might seem subtle, and sometimes companies may use the terms interchangeably. However, the difference lies in the amount of fault tolerance. Both these levels require at least 4 hard drives to implement. Let's look at RAID 0+1 first.
This combination uses RAID 0 for it's high performance and RAID 1 for it's high fault tolerance. I actually mentioned this level when I talked about adding striping to mirroring. Let's say you have 8 hard drives. You can split them into 2 arrays of 4 drives each, and apply RAID 0 to each array. Now you have 2 striped arrays. Then you would apply RAID 1 to the 2 striped arrays and have one array mirrored on the other. If a hard drive in one striped array fails, the entire array is lost. The other striped array is left, but contains no fault tolerance if any of the drives in it fail.
RAID 1+0 applies RAID 1 first then RAID 0 to the drives. To apply RAID 1, you split the 8 drives into 4 sets of 2 drives each. Now each set is mirrored and has duplicate information. To apply RAID 0, you then stripe across the 4 sets. In essence, you have a striped array across a number of mirrored sets. This combination has better fault tolerance than RAID 0+1. As long as one drive in a mirrored set is active, the array can still function. So theoretically you can have up to half the drives fail before you lose everything, as opposed to only two drives in RAID 0+1.
The popularity of 0+1 and 1+0 stems from the fact that it's relatively simple to implement while providing high performance and good data redundancy. With the increased reduction of hard drive prices, the 4 hard drive minimum isn't unreasonable to the mainstream anymore. However, you still have the 50% waste in storage space whenever you are dealing with mirroring. Enterprise applications and servers are often willing to sacrifice storage for increased performance and fault tolerance. Some other combinations of levels that are used include, RAID 0+3, 3+0, 0+5, 5+0, 1+5, and 5+1. These levels are often complicated to implement and require expensive hardware. Not all of the combinations I mentioned above are used.